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Prometheus 监控方案学习笔记(九):使用 Prometheus 进行黑盒监控( Blackbox Exporter 的安装和配置)

huty
huty 2022年12月02日  ·  阅读 1,650

安装 Blackbox Exporter

Docker Compose 方式

  1. 目录准备
    创建目录:
mkdir -pv /apps/exporter/blackbox-exporter/conf
  1. 编辑 docker-compose.yml 文件
vim /apps/exporter/blackbox-exporter/docker-compose.yml
version: "3"
services:
  blackbox-exporter:
    image: prom/blackbox-exporter:v0.22.0
    container_name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
    hostname: blackbox-exporter
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 9115:9115
    volumes:
      - /apps/exporter/blackbox-exporter/conf:/config
    environment:
      - config.file=/config/blackbox.yml
networks:
  default:
    external:
      name: prometheus
  1. 编辑 blackbox.yml 文件
    官方示例:https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/blob/master/example.yml
vim /apps/exporter/blackbox-exporter/conf/blackbox.yml
modules:
  http_2xx:
    prober: http
    timeout: 10s
  http_post_2xx:
    prober: http
    http:
      method: POST
  tcp_connect:
    prober: tcp
  pop3s_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - expect: "^+OK"
      tls: true
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: false
  grpc:
    prober: grpc
    grpc:
      tls: true
      preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
  grpc_plain:
    prober: grpc
    grpc:
      tls: false
      service: "service1"
  ssh_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - expect: "^SSH-2.0-"
      - send: "SSH-2.0-blackbox-ssh-check"
  irc_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - send: "NICK prober"
      - send: "USER prober prober prober :prober"
      - expect: "PING :([^ ]+)"
        send: "PONG ${1}"
      - expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001"
  icmp:
    prober: icmp
  icmp_ttl5:
    prober: icmp
    timeout: 5s
    icmp:
      ttl: 5
  1. 配置 docker 网段 prometheus
    检查是否存在 prometheus 网段:
docker network list

若不存在,则创建:

docker network create prometheus --subnet 10.21.22.0/24
  1. 启动 blackbox-exporter 容器
cd /apps/exporter/blackbox-exporter
docker-compose up -d
  1. 检查 blackbox-exporter 容器状态、查看 blackbox-exporter 容器日志
cd /apps/exporter/blackbox-exporter
docker-compose ps
docker-compose logs -f

配置 Blackbox Exporter

配置 Prometheus

  1. 编辑 prometheus.yml 文件
scrape_configs:
  ## 探针
  - job_name: 'blackbox'
    metrics_path: /probe
    scrape_interval: 30s
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 需要监控的URL1,如:https://hty1024.com
        - 需要监控的URL2,如:https://www.hty1024.com
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115
  1. 重启 prometheus
cd /apps/prometheus
docker-compose restart
  1. 检查 blackbox-exporter 探针是否正常运行
    访问 Prometheus WebUI 的 targets 页面,检查 job 状态

配置 Grafana

登录 Grafana,导入对应的看板即可。
看板获取地址:https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/?dataSource=prometheus&search=Blackbox+Exporter

注意: 看板导入后需要修改数据源的ID

  • 数据源查看方式: 在 Grafana 中进入 数据源详情 页面,浏览器 URL 的最后一段字符为该数据源的 ID。 如 URL 为 grafana/datasources/edit/6lbJpCb4z 时, 6lbJpCb4z 即为当前数据源的 ID
  • 数据源替换方式: 编辑看板,查看看板的 JSON 数据,替换 datasource 中的 uid

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